The Past Perfect (Pluperfect) Definition and Examples

In grammar, the past perfect is an aspect of the verb that designates an action that has been completed before another past action. Formed with the auxiliary had and the past participle of a verb, its used to indicate a time further back in the past than the present perfect or the simple past tense. The tense is also known as the past perfective, the pluperfect, and the past-in-the-past. The Latin plus quam per fectum means more than perfect, and the French pronunciation of plus is close to ploo, which is where the term pluperfect came from. Past Perfect Examples From Literature Past perfect tense is everywhere, so just about any literature will have examples. Here are a few. Far worst of all, the fever  had settled  in Marys eyes, and Mary was blind.(Laura Ingalls Wilder, On the Banks of Plum Creek, 1937) On the Banks of Plum Creek is one of the books in the Little House on the Prairie series, which was turned into a long-running TV show. Walnut Grove, Minnesota, a town of fewer than 1,000 people, hosts throngs of people every summer at festivals related to the history and the books.   He camped that night on the broad Animas Plain and the wind blew in the grass and he slept on the ground wrapped in the serape  and in the wool blanket the old man  had given  him.(Cormac McCarthy, The Crossing, 1994) Coming-of-age novel The Crossing, set on the border of the Southwestern United States and Mexico during World War II, is noted for its spare dialogue and laconic characters. With his new, heightened feelings, he was overwhelmed by sadness at the way the others  had laughed  and  shouted, playing at war.(Lois Lowry, The Giver, 1993) The Giver, inspired by the memory loss of authors father, became a movie in 2014 starring  Meryl Streep and Jeff Bridges. One great source of pleasure to me was that my wife was delighted with the home I  had given  her amid the prairies of the far west.(William Frederick Buffalo Bill Cody, The Life of Hon. William F. Cody, 1889) Buffalo Bill Cody wrote his autobiography at age 33 and in it recounts his familys move to Kansas when he was a boy and his subsequent life on the frontier as a trapper, buffalo hunter, Army scout, and fighter. At fifteen life  had taught  me undeniably that surrender, in its place, was as honorable as resistance, especially if one had no choice.(Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, 1969) In I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou depicts her tumultuous childhood spent between her mothers and grandmothers households, racism, her rape, and her journey to discover her identity and inner strength.  Ã‚   Functions of the Past Perfect With If Clauses As in other past tenses, the past perfect in a subordinate clause, called a  conditional clause,  may signify hypothesis, or something contrary to fact. A past perfect  modal, usually  would or could have, appears in the  main clause. In Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiners Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If you had told me before now, I could have helped. [But I didnt help.]If you had been coming tomorrow, you would have met my mother. [But you didnt meet my mother.] In Sidney Greenbaum and Gerald Nelsons An Introduction to English Grammar, the authors give these examples: If we had been there yesterday, we would have seen them. (But we were not there yesterday.)If he had been given a good mark, he would have told me. (But it seems that he was not given a good mark.) Using the Tense to Show Completion You may also use the past perfect to show completion. For example, She stood outside until he had gone.

ILM Work based assignment Essay - 5982 Words

Work Based Assignment M3.12 M3.26 Contents page Contents page 2 WORK BASED ASSIGNMENT 3 MARK SHEET 5 The value of assessing performance 6 Managing performance 7 Motivating the team to improve performance in the workplace 8 The value of feedback in the workplace 9 Appendices 10 WORK BASED ASSIGNMENT - M3.12 MOTIVATING TO PERFORM IN THE WORKPLACE/ M3.26 MANAGING PERFORMANCE Centre Number Centre Name Candidate Registration No Candidate Name TASK This task is all about motivating the team to perform in the workplace. You should consider: the value of assessing performance; how you could motivate the team to improve performance; and the value of feedback in the workplace. Please use†¦show more content†¦Formal assessments are then followed up and reviewed allowing progress to be evaluated. When formally assessing performance, this is done through annual appraisals, monthly/quarterly goals, audits etc. The outcomes are quantitative results/data which supports conclusions and are easily read. Informal assessments are more casual and are more difficult to measure as they can be through word of mouth, observations, peer and self evaluation and are not recorded and checked. When informally assessing performance we may look more at frequent reactions to how daily tasks are handled or through informal discussions. TheShow MoreRelatedIlm M3.18943 Words   |  4 PagesILM LEVEL 3 DIPLOMA IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT ILM/L3DipLM/0308 Introducing the qualification The ILM Level 3 Diploma in Leadership and Management has been specially designed for first line managers looking to develop a wide range of management and leadership skills suitable for their role. The qualification also develops both understanding and application of leadership skills through the use of action learning. 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Describe Popular Culture in Britain at the Beginning of the 1960’s Free Essays

The 1950’s were a conservative period. The country was recovering from the ravishes of war and many people wanted society to return to how it was in the 1930’s. America was leading the way forwards however much the older generation disliked it. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe Popular Culture in Britain at the Beginning of the 1960’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now New music was appearing such as Elvis Presley and Cliff Richard. More consumer goods could be afforded by the middle classes creating a better standard of living. Televisions began to be purchased widely as did refrigerators and washing machines. The standard of living of the average person living in Britain rose during the 1950’s. The popular catchphrase used in the 1959 election by Harold Macmillan was ‘you’ve never had it so good’ which in my view sums up the 1950’s; and by 1960 change was imminent. The culture of the 1960’s reflects Britain at this time. Attitudes of many people in Britain were still very conservative entering the 1960’s. However, things had begun to change for many groups in society. Women were still second class citizens but a large proportion of them had begun to work. They were paid less and did most of the manual jobs. Some male attitudes towards women still hadn’t changed very much and many saw women still as ‘baby machines’. It was generally unheard of in 1960 for women to wear trousers in public, let alone to work. Many women began to demand equal rights, and by the mid to late 60’s much had changed for women. In the later years of the 50’s Britain saw a large influx of immigration from the Commonwealth. There were jobs available in Britain and better living conditions. By the 1960’s Britain had become a multi-cultural society. The large majority of immigrants arrived from the West Indies and India. They suffered from large amounts of racism and were given the poorly paid jobs. Many did menial work and failed to buy a house for many years. It wasn’t until the later 1960’s that Britain became a more tolerant society. Crime was at a low in the late 1950’s to 1960. Few needed to turn to crime due to the increase in wealth by the large majority of people. Capital punishment was still being used despite an increasingly large number of people turning against it. Crime was in fact at a lower rate than in today’s society. Drugs were starting to be used by a certain group of people. It was not until the later 1960’s when drugs became more widely used. Times were changing but the society was still very conservative with few people using drugs. Attitudes towards sexual behaviour had not yet begun to change by the early 1960’s. It was still a very conservative society although in the later 1960’s it became more permissive. The contraceptive pill had been discovered but was not widely used. Many women still believed that sex before marriage was a sin although this did change. Britain was still very much a class society although times were changing. The middle classes were expanding and the upper classes were starting to lose the control. Cars in the 1950’s became more widely available. Ownership was rapidly increasing throughout the 50’s due to the reduction in price. In 1960 the Mini was brought out alongside cars such as the bubble car made by a German company. They were advertised on television and on the radio as a necessary possession and fun. In 1959 the first motorway to be built in Britain the M1 was opened. Travelling long distances was becoming much easier and accessible for the general public. Public transport began to suffer problems due to the huge increase in cars. The steam trains effectively died out being replaced by the newer and more economical electric and diesel powered engines. Less people were using them as a method of transport and there were large cuts in the workforce. There was a new period beginning in the holiday industry. Some were still very traditional like Butlins, bed and breakfasts and other holiday camps. However with people owning cars they experienced a new found freedom. Places such as the Costa del Sol became popular with British holiday makers. Package holidays grew in popularity as did camping and caravanning holidays. The new found freedoms experience with the new transport was shown in various ways throughout culture in the 1960’s. As in any period of time the media always shows how the culture was changing. Until the early 1960’s the British television was dominated by the upper classes. There were only two channels, BBC and ITV with BBC 2 starting in 1965. However the television industry underwent a period of change in the early 1960’s Programmes began to get shown with people from middle and working classes on. Coronation Street was first broadcast in 1960 and others soon followed. The television started to reflect the society around it and soon became the most popular activity. Dramas began to be shown like ‘Cathy Come Home’ which were watched throughout Britain and had great impacts on society. Campaigning programmes also began to be broadcast for example Tonight and other news based programmes. There were more programmes for the teenage and child markets. The 6 -5 Special was first followed by Ready Steady Go. These had major impacts on the youth culture of the 1960’s. During the 1950’s radio was the most accessible and widely listened to form of entertainment. There were such stations as Radio 2 and 4. These were listened to by adults and children alike. However by 1960 things were changing. The teenage market had developed and they were demanding their own radio station playing their music. Many pirate radio stations set up, such as Radio Caroline. These played popular music of the time and aimed themselves to the teenage market. In the late 1960’s Radio 1 was created. This was aimed at the older teenage market. The 1960’s were a period of change for the music industry. Newspapers were widely read although there were less tabloids than today. These were aimed towards the adult generation and left most teenagers and young people to find out the news from the television. They were generally more serious which reflects the culture of the early 1960’s. Magazines were also much more serious. Women read ‘Women’s Own’ and nothing else was available. Young children had many different comic books at the time, Dandy, Bunty etc. It was not until the mid to late 60’s that more revolutionary magazines like Cosmopolitan were created. There were very few music or hobby orientated magazines either. The traditional British film industry was in decline in the late 1950’s. Typical romances were shown along with early action films. They all contained only upper class people. By 1960 new comedies were becoming popular. A change was underway with more people with working class accents getting into the film industry. These were more popular with the general public who enjoyed being able to watch a film that they could relate to. The first person to enter the ‘new’ film industry was Michael Cain, who soon became a teenage icon. The media of the early 1960’s reflects the change that was occurring in British society and culture of the time. Around 1960 there were 5 million people who now classed themselves as teenagers. This had become a whole new market for companies and advertising in the late 1950’s. More of these young people had more money than ever before and could afford many new products. Throughout the 1950’s the influence of American culture had been great. British teenagers wanted to be like their American counterparts and have coffee bars and their own fashion and music tastes. The society was changing and the demands of the new market were met. New music in 1950 and started the revolution in youth culture. Elvis Presley was frowned upon by the older generation but the youths were fascinated by the new concept of ‘Rock and Roll’. Cliff Richard became the British teen symbol and began the British music industry. Adults however were still listening to Frank Sinatra and the Joe Loss Orchestra. They couldn’t understand the new music with their sexual lyrics and movements. In 1962 the Beatles released their first record. They were still relatively unknown playing in places like the ‘Cavern’ and Hamburg. New fashions were starting to become the new way to be revolutionary. Teddy Boys began to make a statement in society as did the Rockers. Many teenagers and young people in the early 1960’s though, still wore their parents fashions. Boys wore short trousers and shirts whilst girls wore skirts. Fashion as everything else in the late 1950’s to early 60’s was still very conservative. Popular culture in the early 1960’s was still much the same as it had been throughout the 50’s. Although a teenage market had emerged, little had really changed by 1962. The British culture was still very conservative. However things were soon to change. The 1960’s were dramatically different to the ways the older generation had grown up. America looked to Britain as the culture capital of the world. New pop groups emerged and life became ‘swinging’ for many young people. The older generation still did not approve but were powerless to do anything. The early 1960’s can be described best as ‘a grey period’ and not as the ‘swinging sixties’ which came later. How to cite Describe Popular Culture in Britain at the Beginning of the 1960’s, Papers Describe popular culture in Britain at the beginning of the 1960’s Free Essays To many people at the time, they were the â€Å"swinging sixties†. They were a decade when fashions changed continuously and young people appeared to have more freedom then ever before. It was time that many people look back on with found memories, but which other blame for some of the failings in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe popular culture in Britain at the beginning of the 1960’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sixties consisted of stars like Elvis Presley, Cliff Richard and Marlin Monroue which I will be mentioning in this essay as well as other stars. These stars were like the modern David Beckham, Tom Cruise and J-lo. In 1958 the National Service ended which was a huge relief for some. People in England were looking to America for their icons, but America band members or artists were not allowed to enter the country, then so people like Cliff Richard was formed. Moreover in the 1960’s Britain had not yet developed its own style therefore was still in America’s shadow. The traditional and cultural values in the 1950’s were now about to change. These were many due to the development of TV, radio and theatre which I will be exploring in this essay. By the end of the 1950’s music was still heavily influenced by America a lot of people were listening to American stars like Elvis Presley. But by the beginning of the 1960’s British artists like Billy Fury, Cliff Richard and Adam Faith all started to appear in the charts. Many of these British starts were producing new records but mainly basing them Elvis rock music. The British fashion was changing very rapidly and stars like Jackie Kennedy influenced them a lot. Wearing shifts and A-line dressed which had been designed in during the 1954 and 1955 were not worn until the 1960’s. These gave women a new sense of freedom. Moreover the British film was not as popular as it was in America but brand new films featuring pop starts interested a lot of teenagers. There was now new British humour which people had never seen before. Radio was introduced and started showing some distinctive style. Radio shows such as â€Å"Beyond the Fringe† was a mocking comedy that criticized the way the country was run making people think more about politics. Many television programmes were brought so people watch television at home but there were only two channels BBC and ITV which could only run for about five to six hours a day. In 1960 the first episode of â€Å"Coronation Street† appeared in black and white in TV sets all over the country. Finally there was theatre which consisted of plays developed to mirror real life situations. As well as this it also helped to break down class barriers. Youth culture began to expand and grow by the late 60’s rival groups such as â€Å"Mods† who drove Italian scooters instead of motorbikes were formed also girls began to wear more mini skirts whereas they were very strict. Prices generally went up as wages rose by 34% in the 1960’s. In some respects it started popular music, fashion and a rise economy. Youth culture changed Britain’s youth forever.In conclusion much of Britain’s popular culture was a mix of American and 1950’s Britain but changes were beginning to develop which would lead to a new British culture and a new era. How to cite Describe popular culture in Britain at the beginning of the 1960’s, Papers

Sports Management free essay sample

HPER-P 211 Introduction to Sport Management (3 cr. ) – FALL 2013 ? HPER-P 333 Sport in America: Historical Perspective (3 cr. ) – SPRING 2014 ? HPER-P 392 Sport in American Society (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 405 Introduction to Sport Psychology (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 418 Sport Marketing (3 cr. ) Sport Marketing and Management Professional Requirement (21 cr. )? Complete each of the following courses: ? HPER-P 318 Management of the Sport Enterprise (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 304 Sport Industry Studies (3 cr. ) or HPER-P 328 Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics (3 cr. ) ? HPER-P 404 Colloquium in Sport Management (3 cr. or HPER-R 425 Sport Governance in the Global Community (3 cr. ) ? HPER-P 411 Legal Issues in Sport Settings (3 cr. ) or HPER-R 411 Legal Issues in Sport Settings (3 cr. ) ? HPER-P 423 Financial Principles of Sport (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 426 Sales Management in Sport (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 428 Strategic Management in the Sport Industry (3 cr. ) Experience Requirement (1-6 cr. ):? Complete one of the following courses: ? HPER-P 439 Practicum in Sport Studies (1-3 cr. ) (2. 3 cumulative GPA required) ? HPER-P 449 Internship in Sport Management (1-6 cr. ) (2. 5 cumulative GPA required) Computer Compency Requirement (3 cr. ):? Complete one of the following courses: ? BUS-K 201 The Computer in Business (3 cr. ) (C– required for use in business minor) Current ? HPER-P 200 Microcomputer Applications in Kinesiology (3 cr. ) Business Course Requirement (24 cr. ):? Complete each of the following courses: BUS-A100 – FALL 2013 ?BUS-A 201 Introduction to Financial Accounting (3 cr. ) – SPRING 2014 ? BUS-A 202 Introduction to Managerial Accounting (3 cr. ) ?BUS-L 201 Legal Environment of Business (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) – SPRING 2014 ? BUS-M 300 Introduction to Marketing (3 cr. ) BUS-Z 302 Managing and Behavior in Organizations or BUS-J 306 Strategic Management and Leadership (3 cr. ) ? ECON-E 201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) – FALL 2013 ? ECON-E 202 Introduction to Macroeconomics (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) Select one of the following: ?BUS-C 204 Business Communications (3 cr. ) ?BUS-F 260 Personal Finance (3 cr. ) ?BUS-X 100 Introduction to Business (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) – FALL 2013 ? ECON-E 370 Statistical Analysis for Business and Economics (3 cr . ) Oral Communication Requirement (3 cr. ):? Complete one of the following courses: ? CMCL-C 121 Public Speaking (3 cr. +(Aamp;H) ?CMCL-C 122 Interpersonal Communication (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) Written Communication Courses (6 cr. ):? Complete two of the following courses: ? BUS-C 104 Business Presentations (3 cr. ) ?BUS-C 204 Business Communications (3 cr. ) – if not selected above ? ENG-W 103 Introduction to Creative Writing (3 cr. ) +(Aamp;H) ? ENG-W 202 English Grammar Review (1cr. ) ?ENG-W 203 Creative Writing (3 cr. ) ?ENG-W 231 Professional Writing Skills (3 cr. ) ?ENG-W 240 Community Service Writing (3 cr. ) ?ENG-W 270 Argumentative Writing (3 cr. ) ?ENG-W 280 Literary Editing and Publishing (3 cr. ) JOUR-J 110 Foundations of Journalism and Mass Communication (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) ? JOUR-J 210 Visual Communication (3 cr. ) ?TEL-T 211 Writing for Electronic Media (3 cr. ) Sport Marketing and Management Elective Courses (12 cr. ):? Complete twelve credits from any of the follo wing courses: ? Students should check for prerequisites. ?To complete one (or more) of three business minors, students should complete course work from the following. This course work is in addition to courses already included in the business core that is a required as a part of the sport marketing and management major. Business (if completing the standard business minor, two of the following three courses are required): ? BUS-F 300 Introduction to Financial Management (3 cr. ) ?BUS-G 300 Introduction to Managerial Economics (3 cr. ) ?BUS-P 300 Introduction to Operation Management (3 cr. ) Marketing — students selecting the minor in marketing choose two additional courses.? Required: ? BUS-M 311 Introduction to Marketing Communication (3 cr. ) or BUS-M312 Retail Marketing Management (3 cr. ) Choose one course from: ?BUS-M 311 Introduction to Marketing Communication (3 cr. ) or BUS-M312 Retail Marketing Management (3 cr. (which ever course not taken as the required course above) ? BUS-F 300 Introduction to Financial Management (3 cr. ) ?BUS-G 300 Introduction to Managerial Economics (3 cr. ) ?BUS-P 300 Introduction to Operation Management (3 cr. ) Entrepreneurship — students selecting the business entrepreneurship minor take both of the following courses: ? BUS-W 211 Contemporary Entrep reneurship (3 cr. ) ?BUS-W 300 Small Business Management (3 cr. ) Additional Business and Economics Electives: ?BUS-A 100 Basic Accounting Skills (1 cr. ) ?BUS-D 301 The International Business Environment (3 cr. ) ? BUS-F 260 Personal Finance (3 cr. ?BUS-K 201 The Computer in Business (3 cr. ) ?BUS-L 315 Business and Law of Entertainment and Sports (3 cr. ) ? BUS-R 300 Principles of Real Estate (3 cr. ) ?BUS-X 420 Business Career Planning and Placement (2 cr. ) ? ECON-E 370 Statistical Analysis for Business and Economics (3 cr. ) School of Public Health Bloomington Electives: ?HPER-P 213 Introduction to Sport Communication (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 251 Sport and Electonic Media (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 301 Job Search Strategies for Kinesiology Students (3 cr. ) ? HPER-P 304 Sport Industry Studies (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 404 Colloquium in Sport Management (3 cr. ) HPER-P 415 Sport Promotion and Public Relations (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 416 Fitness Management (3 cr. ) ?HPER-P 445 Special Topics in Kinesiology (1-3 cr. ) ?HPER-R 354 Sport and Violence (3 cr. ) Courses outside Business and Public Health:? African American and African Diaspora Studies: ? AAAD-A 264 History of Sport and Afro-American Experience (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) ? AAAD-A 265 Modern Sports and Afro-American Experience (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) English: ?ENG-L 210 Studies in Popular Literature and Mass Media (3 cr. ) +(Aamp;H) ? ENG-L 240 Literature and Public Life (3 cr. ) +(Aamp;H) ?ENG-L 295 American Film Culture (3 cr. +(Aamp;H) Journalism: ?JOUR-J 110 Foundations of Journalism and Mass Communication (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) ? JOUR-J 210 Visual Communication (3 cr. ) Psychological and Brain Sciences: ?PSY-P 304 Social, Psychological, and Individual Differences (3 cr. ) ? PSY-P 323 Industrial /Organizational Psychology (3 cr. ) ?PSY-P 327 Psychology of Motivation (3 cr. ) Sociology: ?SOC-S 101 Social Problems and Policies (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H) ? SOC-S 315 Work and Occupations (3 cr. ) Telecommunications: ?TEL-T 101 Media Life (3 cr. ) +(Samp;H ) ?TEL-T 340 Electronic Media Advertising (3 cr. ) ?TEL-T 343 Electronic Media Sales (3 cr. ?TEL-T 347 Promotion and Marketing (3 cr. ) ?TEL-T 348 Audience Analysis (3 cr. ) ?TEL-T 445 Sports and Television (3 cr. ) + Courses followed by a Aamp;H notation apply toward completion of both the major requirement and the general education, arts and humanities requirement. + Courses followed by a Samp;H notation apply toward completion of both the major requirement and the general education, social and historical studies requirement. Suggested Courses for the First-Year Sport Marketing and Management Student Fall Semester (16 cr. )? BUS-A 100 Basic Accounting Skills (1 cr. )? ENG-W 131 Elementary Composition 1 (3 cr. )? or ENG-W 170 Introduction to Argumentative Writing (3 cr. )? HPER-P 211 Introduction to Sport Management (3 cr. )? MATH-M 118 Finite Mathematics (3 cr. )? or MATH-M 119 Brief Survey of Calculus (3 cr. )? PSY-P 101 Introductory Psychology 1 (3 cr. )? CMCL-C 121 Public Speaking (3 cr. )? Spring Semester (15 cr. )? BUS-A 201 Introduction to Financial Accounting (3 cr. )? CMCL-C 122 Interpersonal Communication (3 cr. )? ECON E201 Introduction to Microeconomics (3 cr. )? HPER-P 392 Sport in American Society (3 cr. )? SOC-S 100 Introduction to Sociology (3 cr. )